{"id":345,"date":"2011-07-02T19:10:19","date_gmt":"2011-07-02T17:10:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dainile.lt\/?p=345"},"modified":"2023-10-27T07:39:50","modified_gmt":"2023-10-27T05:39:50","slug":"impulsinio-maitinimo-saltinio-veikimo-pricipas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/impulsinio-maitinimo-saltinio-veikimo-pricipas\/","title":{"rendered":"Impulsinio maitinimo \u0161altinio veikimo pricipas"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nieko \u012fdomaus para\u0161yt kol kas nepavyksta, visi projektai laukia eil\u0117je, kol pagaliau Eagle’as teisingai susibendraus su CopperCAD’u o tas su CNC stakl\u0117m. Kol kas trumpai apie tai, kaip veikia impulsinis maitinimo \u0161altinis. Supaprastinta, beveik blokin\u0117 schema:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Pirmoji dalis susideda i\u0161 lygintuvo (tiltelio, keturi\u0173 diod\u0173) ir kondensatoriaus, kuris dar suma\u017eina \u012ftampos svyravim\u0105. Impulsiniame maitinimo \u0161altinyje, kaip raktai naudojami tranzistoriai, kuri\u0173 darbas valdomas generatoriumi GEN. Valdantis generatorius realizuojamas keletu b\u016bd\u0173, pigiausias ir papras\u010diausias – TL494 mikroschema. Generuojami atitinkamo da\u017enio sta\u010diakampiai impulsai atidarin\u0117ja tranzistori\u0173, taigi pirmin\u0117 transformatoriaus apvija maitinama sta\u010diakampe \u012ftampa. \u0160itoje vietoje turb\u016bt reikia pamin\u0117ti tris magi\u0161kas raides – PWM. Impuls\u0173 da\u017enis yra daug didesnis nei tinklo da\u017enis (paprastai nuo keliasde\u0161imt KHz iki keli\u0173 MHz). \u012etampa i\u0161 antrin\u0117s apvijos eina \u012f lygintuvin\u012f diod\u0105, i\u0161\u0117jime turim tik norim\u0105 \u012ftamp\u0105, o da\u017enis lygus pirmin\u0117s da\u017eniui. \u012etampos svyravimas dar suma\u017einamas kondensatoriumi ir droseliu. Transformatoriuose da\u017enai naudojamos kelios antrin\u0117s apvijos, taip gaunant kelet\u0105 i\u0161\u0117jimo \u012ftamp\u0173:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Paveiksliukas nupai\u0161ytas po ka\u017ekokio ATX maitinimo \u0161altinio skerstuvi\u0173.<\/p>\n

Yra tokios impulsini\u0173 maitinimo \u0161altini\u0173 topologijos (nufirfinta i\u0161 http:\/\/www.smps.us\/topologies.html#selection<\/a>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Converter topology<\/td>\nDiagram<\/td>\nDC transfer
\nfunction
\n(Vout\/Vin)<\/td>\n		Max
\nswitch
\nvoltage<\/td>\n		Peak switch current<\/td>\nMax
\nrectifier
\nvoltage<\/td>\n		Average
\nrectifier
\ncurrent<\/td>\n		Switch utilization
\nratio (SUR)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

NON-ISOLATING DC-DC CONVERTERS<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Buck<\/td>\n\"Buck<\/td>\nD<\/p>\n

(0<D<1)<\/td>\n

Vin<\/td>\nIout<\/td>\nVin<\/td>\nIout\u00d7D<\/td>\nVout\/Vin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Boost<\/td>\n\"Boost<\/td>\n1\/(1-D)<\/p>\n

(0<D<1)<\/td>\n

Vout<\/td>\nIout\u00d7Vout \/Vin<\/td>\nVout<\/td>\nIout<\/td>\nVin\/Vout<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flyback (inverting) or buck-boost<\/td>\n\"Buckboost<\/td>\n-D\/(1-D)<\/p>\n

(0<D<1)<\/td>\n

Vin+|Vout|<\/td>\nIout\u00d7
\n(1+|Vout|\/Vin)<\/td>\n		Vin+|Vout|<\/td>\nIout<\/td>\n|Vout|\/Vin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0106uk<\/td>\n\"Cuk<\/td>\n-D\/(1-D)<\/p>\n

(0<D<1)<\/td>\n

Vin+|Vout|<\/td>\nIout\u00d7
\n(1+|Vout|\/Vin)<\/td>\n		Vin+|Vout|<\/td>\nIout<\/td>\n|Vout|\/Vin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sepic<\/td>\n\"Sepic<\/td>\nD\/(1-D)<\/p>\n

(0<D<1)<\/td>\n

Vin+Vout<\/td>\nIout<\/td>\nVin+Vout<\/td>\nIout<\/td>\nVout\/
\n(Vin+Vout)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

ISOLATING DC-DC CONVERTERS<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DCM Flyback<\/td>\n\"Flyback<\/td>\nVin2<\/sup>D2<\/sup>\/
\n(2Lp\u00d7F\u00d7Iout)<\/p>\n

(0<D<1)<\/td>\n

Vin+Vout
\n\u00d7(Np\/Ns)<\/td>\n		D\u00d7Vin\/Lp\u00d7F<\/td>\nVout+ (Vin\u00d7Ns\/Np)<\/td>\nIout<\/td>\n\"Formula<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DCM 2-switch
\nflyback<\/td>\n		\"2-switch<\/td>\nVin2<\/sup>D2<\/sup>\/
\n(2Lp\u00d7F\u00d7Iout)<\/p>\n

(0<D<1)<\/td>\n

Vin<\/td>\nD\u00d7Vin\/Lp\u00d7F<\/td>\nVout+ (Vin\u00d7Ns\/Np)<\/td>\nIout<\/td>\nD\/4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Single Switch Forward<\/td>\n\"Forward<\/td>\nNs\/Np\u00d7D<\/p>\n

(0<D<0.5)<\/td>\n

2\u00d7Vin<\/td>\nIout\u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\nVin\u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\nD1: Iout\u00d7D<\/p>\n

D2:
\nIout(1-D)<\/td>\n

(Vout\/2Vin) \u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2-switch
\nforward<\/td>\n		\"2-switch<\/td>\nNs\/Np\u00d7D<\/p>\n

(0<D<0.5)<\/td>\n

Vin<\/td>\nIout\u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\nVin\u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\nD1: Iout\u00d7D<\/p>\n

D2:
\nIout(1-D)<\/td>\n

(Vout\/2Vin) \u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Active
\nclamp
\nforward<\/td>\n		\"Active<\/td>\nNs\/Np\u00d7D<\/p>\n

(0<D<1)<\/td>\n

Vin\/(1-D)<\/td>\nIout\u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\nVin\u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\nD1: Iout\u00d7D<\/p>\n

D2:
\nIout(1-D)<\/td>\n

Vout\/Vin\u00d7 (1-Vout\u00d7Np\/ Vin\u00d7Ns)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Half-
\nbridge<\/td>\n		\"Half-bridge<\/td>\nNs\/Np\u00d7D<\/p>\n

(0<D<0.5)<\/td>\n

Vin<\/td>\nIout\u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\nVin\u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\n0.5\u00d7Iout<\/td>\nVout\/2Vin \u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Push-
\npull<\/td>\n		\"Push<\/td>\n2Ns\/Np\u00d7D<\/p>\n

(D<0.5)<\/td>\n

2\u00d7Vin<\/td>\nIout\u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\n2Vin\u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\n0.5\u00d7Iout<\/td>\n(Vout\/4Vin) \u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Full bridge<\/td>\n\"Full<\/td>\n2Ns\/Np\u00d7D<\/p>\n

(0<D<0.5)<\/td>\n

Vin<\/td>\nIout\u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\n2Vin\u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\n0.5\u00d7Iout<\/td>\n(Vout\/2Vin) \u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Phase shifted
\nfull bridge<\/td>\n		\"Phase<\/td>\n2Ns\/Np\u00d7D<\/p>\n

(0<D<0.5)<\/td>\n

Vin<\/td>\nIout\u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\nVin\u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\n0.5\u00d7Iout<\/td>\n(Vout\/2Vin) \u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LLC
\nhalf bridge<\/td>\n		\"LLC<\/td>\nNs\/2Np<\/p>\n

(at F=Fres)<\/td>\n

Vin<\/td>\nIout\u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\nVin\u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\n0.5\u00d7Iout<\/td>\n(Vout\/2Vin) \u00d7Ns\/Np<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Notes:
\n1. All formulas are given for ideal circuits. Ripple currents, voltage spikes, power losses, voltage drops in MOSFETs and diodes are excluded.
\n2. Transfer function for phase shifted bridge uses effective („overlapping”) duty cycle.
\n3. For LLC converter the formulas are given for operation at resonance.
\n4. SUR is total switch utilization ratio defined as SUR=Pout\/n\u00d7Vmax\u00d7Imax, where n- the number of power switches in the circuit, Vmax and Imax- their peak voltage and current.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tuo pa\u010diu ir u\u017eduotis – kokios topologijos yra paveiksliukas vir\u0161uje ir \u010dia:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\nImpulsini\u0173 maitinimo \u0161altini\u0173 privalumai – didel\u0117 galia esant nedideliems gabaritams ir svoriui, nebijo trumpo jungimo, \u00a0turi \u012ftampos tiekimo kontrol\u0117s sistemas, atspar\u016bs tinklo trukd\u017eiams.<\/p>\n

Minusai paprasti – blogai suprojektuotas ar surinktas impulsekas triuk\u0161mauja auk\u0161tu da\u017eniu tinkle, d\u0117l to gali dirbti nestabiliai. Reikia daugiau detali\u0173 nei transformatoriniams maitinimo \u0161altiniams, d\u0117l ko ma\u017eos galios impulsekai brangesni u\u017e transformatorinius.<\/p>\n

–><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nieko \u012fdomaus para\u0161yt kol kas nepavyksta, visi projektai laukia eil\u0117je, kol pagaliau Eagle’as teisingai susibendraus su CopperCAD’u o tas su CNC stakl\u0117m. Kol kas trumpai apie tai, kaip veikia impulsinis maitinimo \u0161altinis. Supaprastinta, beveik blokin\u0117 schema: Pirmoji dalis susideda i\u0161 lygintuvo (tiltelio, keturi\u0173 diod\u0173) ir kondensatoriaus, kuris dar suma\u017eina \u012ftampos svyravim\u0105. Impulsiniame maitinimo \u0161altinyje, kaip…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-345","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-elektronika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/345","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=345"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/345\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5327,"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/345\/revisions\/5327"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}