{"id":4342,"date":"2022-05-27T11:09:51","date_gmt":"2022-05-27T09:09:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/?p=4342"},"modified":"2022-06-13T14:37:07","modified_gmt":"2022-06-13T12:37:07","slug":"laivo-ziburelis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/laivo-ziburelis\/","title":{"rendered":"Laivo \u017eibur\u0117lis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u012eprastai nera\u0161au apie komercinius projektus, nes&#8230; Jie komerciniai :D. Bet \u0161it\u0105 straipsniuk\u0105 nusprend\u017eiau para\u0161yti, nes projektukas s\u0105lyginai nesud\u0117tingas, bet gali b\u016bti pla\u010diai naudojamas. Ir tuo pa\u010diu d\u0117koju Sigitui u\u017e rekomendacij\u0105. Ir tai vis dar nebus reklama <img decoding=\"async\" draggable=\"false\" class=\"eedee-emoji\" src=\"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/12.0.0-1\/svg\/1f604.svg\" alt=\"\ud83d\ude04\"> nes man u\u017e tai nemokama <img decoding=\"async\" draggable=\"false\" class=\"eedee-emoji\" src=\"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/12.0.0-1\/svg\/1f601.svg\" alt=\"\ud83d\ude01\"> . Ok, pradedam. Taigi, ne taip seniai gavau u\u017eklausim\u0105 i\u0161 jachtinink\u0173, kuriems susinor\u0117jo patobulinti jachtose naudojamus indikacinius \u017eibur\u0117lius sumontuojant \u0161viesos diodus (LED), tokie kaip \u017eibintuv\u0117liai, bet nedidel\u0117s galios. I\u0161eitiniai duomenys tokie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Maitinimas i\u0161 D dyd\u017eio baterijos, t.y. maksimaliai 1,5V;<\/li><li>\u0160vietimo laikas &#8211; nenormuojamas, nes ilginamas tiesiog kei\u010diant i\u0161sikrovusias baterijas;<\/li><li>Minimalus arba jokio korpuso perdarymas.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O pats \u017eibut\u0117lis atrodo va taip:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter has-nested-images columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144011-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"462\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"4343\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144011-462x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4343\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144011-462x1024.jpg 462w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144011-135x300.jpg 135w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144011-768x1701.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144011-693x1536.jpg 693w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144011-924x2048.jpg 924w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144011-scaled.jpg 1156w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 462px) 100vw, 462px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144118-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"461\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"4345\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144118-461x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144118-461x1024.jpg 461w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144118-135x300.jpg 135w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144118-768x1707.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144118-691x1536.jpg 691w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144118-922x2048.jpg 922w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144118-scaled.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144134-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"462\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"4344\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144134-462x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144134-462x1024.jpg 462w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144134-135x300.jpg 135w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144134-768x1701.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144134-693x1536.jpg 693w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144134-924x2048.jpg 924w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220520_144134-scaled.jpg 1156w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 462px) 100vw, 462px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pagal logotip\u0105 galima rasti ir gamintoj\u0105 &#8211; TREM ir tuos \u017eibintuv\u0117lius:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/trem.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"225\" data-id=\"4347\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/trem.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4347\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/trem.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/trem-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/3-lempukes.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"398\" height=\"400\" data-id=\"4346\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/3-lempukes.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/3-lempukes.jpg 398w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/3-lempukes-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Matom standartines &#8222;laivines&#8221; spalvas &#8211; raudon\u0105 (kairio borto), balt\u0105 (gali b\u016bti \u012fvairiai naudojama, pvz., laivo gale) ir \u017eali\u0105 (de\u0161inio borto). Ir taip, tame \u017eibintuv\u0117lyje naudojama 1,5V 0,2A (0,3W) kaitrin\u0117 lemput\u0117. Sugromuliavus visk\u0105, kas jau pasakyta, galima apsira\u0161yti ir suderinti technin\u0119 u\u017eduot\u012f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Maitinimas i\u0161 D dyd\u017eio baterijos;<\/li><li>Maksimalus \u0161vietimo laikas, panaudojant LED \u0161viesos \u0161altin\u012f;<\/li><li>Kuo efektyvesnis baterijos i\u0161naudojimas;<\/li><li>Tas pats korpusas ir linz\u0117.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ir prasideda projektavimas&#8230; Visko jau turb\u016bt neapra\u0161ysiu, nes gal ne visk\u0105 atsiminsiu kas buvo daryta, bet pagrindinius momentus pamin\u0117siu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vis\u0173 pirma D dyd\u017eio baterija&#8230; Ji ir taip n\u0117ra ma\u017ea, tod\u0117l tur\u0117s s\u0105lyginai didel\u0119 talp\u0105, bet galima b\u016bt\u0173 naudoti dar ir skirting\u0173 chemij\u0173 baterijas, turint t\u0105 pati dyd\u012f. Prad\u017eioje renkam\u0117s tinkam\u0105 baterij\u0105. Skai\u010diukus ra\u0161ysiu nuo baterij\u0173, esan\u010di\u0173 lietuvi\u0161k\u0173 elektronikos pardav\u0117j\u0173 kataloguose arba t\u0173, kurias naudoju ir \u017einau, kad geros, tod\u0117l prireikus rasite tuos skai\u010diukus ir patys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Chemija:<\/td><td>Cinko &#8211; anglies<\/td><td>\u0160armin\u0117<\/td><td>Ni-Cd<br>Ni-MH<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kr\u016bvis:<\/td><td>6-8 Ah<\/td><td>15 Ah<\/td><td>5-6 Ah<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energija:<\/td><td>10-12 Wh<\/td><td>20-22 Wh<\/td><td>3-7 Wh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u012etampa:<\/td><td>1,5 V<\/td><td>1,5 V<\/td><td>1,2 V<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kraunama:<\/td><td>Heh, nor\u0117tum<\/td><td>Ne<\/td><td>Taip<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yra ir kitoki\u0173, egzoti\u0161kesni\u0173 ir\/arba brangesni\u0173 baterij\u0173, bet apsiribokim \u0161iomis, nes pigios ir visur yra. Ir many\u010diau pasirinksiu \u0161armin\u0119 Procell PC1300 baterij\u0105. Nes naudojau &#8211; geros. Apra\u0161ymas <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/R20_DUR_PROC.pdf\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/R20_DUR_PROC.pdf\">yra \u010dia<\/a>. O su geru apra\u0161ymu ir projektuoti linksmiau. Taigi, baterij\u0105 turim, toliau reikt\u0173 apsispr\u0119sti, kokia srove maitinsim LED\u0105. \u0160iaip, lyginant su ta kaitrine 0,3W spingsule, LEDas \u0161viest\u0173 stipriau net prie 5 mA, bet papildykime projekto u\u017eduot\u012f &#8211; turi b\u016bti nustatoma LED srov\u0117. Ir ties \u0161ita vieta tur\u0117tum\u0117te jau prad\u0117ti sakyti &#8222;pala pala, o LED tai prie 1,5 V net neprad\u0117s \u0161viesti&#8221;. \u017dinau <img decoding=\"async\" draggable=\"false\" class=\"eedee-emoji\" src=\"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/12.0.0-1\/svg\/1f642.svg\" alt=\"\ud83d\ude42\">. Tam reikalui naudosime special\u0173 LED valdikl\u012f, kuris paims 1,5V ir padarys taip, kad LEDas \u017eib\u0117t\u0173 maitinamas teisinga srove. Ir dar &#8211; o kaip bus jei baterija i\u0161sikraus ? Reikia numatyti, kad nebus ji vis\u0105 laik\u0105 1,5V. Kadangi LEDams reikalinga pastovi srov\u0117, \u017ei\u016brim baterijos apra\u0161ym\u0105 ir matom:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4358\" width=\"371\" height=\"215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-1.png 934w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-1-300x174.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-1-768x446.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 371px) 100vw, 371px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tai i\u0161krovimo kreiv\u0117s esant pastoviai srovei. Pana\u0161iai nuo 1,65V iki 0,8V. I\u0161kraunant 100 mA srove u\u017etuks apie 140 valand\u0173, t. y. 5,83 paros. Bet pas mus, many\u010diau, maksimali srov\u0117 bus kokia 20 mA, ir tai jau LEDas \u0161vies per stipriai, nujau\u010diu, kad 10 mA bus u\u017etektinai. Tod\u0117l \u0161vietimo laikas b\u016bt\u0173 5 ar 10 kart\u0173 ilgesnis. Beveik, nes turb\u016bt priklausomyb\u0117 ne tiesin\u0117. Bet mums tokio tikslumo u\u017etenka. Taigi, \u0161vietimo trukm\u0117 &#8211; 29,15 arba 58,3 paros. Principe galima i\u0161plaukti m\u0117nesiui arba dviem ir nei\u0161jungin\u0117ti \u017eibintuv\u0117lio :D. O \u0161tai \u010dia prad\u0117sim apie Sigito rekomenduot\u0105 <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/PR4401_PR4402.pdf\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/PR4401_PR4402.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Prema Semiconductor PR4401<\/a> valdikl\u012f SOT23 korpuse. Yra visa linija valdikli\u0173:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>PR4401 iki 20 mA<\/li><li>PR4402 iki 40 mA<\/li><li>PR4406 iki 50 mA<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kadangi mums u\u017etenka 20 mA renkam\u0117s PR4401, ta\u010diau prireikus galima laisvai pakeisti bet kuriuo &#8211; i\u0161vad\u0173 reik\u0161m\u0117s vienodos. O prijungus 3,6V LiSOCl<sub>2<\/sub> baterij\u0105 i\u0161 PR4406 galima i\u0161spausti net 80 mA. Ir tuo pa\u010diu \u0161it\u0105 mikroschema veiks net iki 0,9V (0,7 V \u012fjungta), t. y. efektyviai i\u0161kraus baterij\u0105, ne tai, kad prie 1,3 V tarkim, jau atsijungin\u0117s. Maksimali \u012ftampa 1,9 V, kas mums irgi tinka. Schema visi\u0161kai paprasta:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-2-1024x498.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4365\" width=\"324\" height=\"157\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-2-1024x498.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-2-300x146.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-2-768x373.png 768w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-2.png 1031w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I\u0161 i\u0161orini\u0173 element\u0173 tik srov\u0119 nustatantis droseliukas L1. Dabar jau galima prad\u0117ti kurti reali\u0105 schem\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/led.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/led-1024x686.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4369\" width=\"467\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/led-1024x686.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/led-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/led-768x515.png 768w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/led-1536x1029.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/led.png 1764w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 467px) 100vw, 467px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0160tai ir schemut\u0117, visai paprasta, bet ne prasta. I\u0161 kair\u0117s \u012f de\u0161in\u0119&#8230; Maitinimas tiekiamas per TP1 ir TP2 kontaktus, U1 m\u016bs\u0173 geroji PR4401 mikroschema. Prie jos tur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti droseliukas, bet \u0161it\u0105 viet\u0105 nusprend\u017eiau patobulinti &#8211; turint tik vien\u0105 droseliuk\u0105 b\u016bt\u0173 tik viena jo nustatoma srov\u0117, o a\u0161 nor\u0117\u010diau tur\u0117ti universali\u0105 plok\u0161t\u0119 su galimybe reguliuoti srov\u0119, tod\u0117l atsiranda jungikliai S1 ir trys droseliukai L1, L2 ir L3. V\u0117liau apie juos bus pla\u010diau. Toliau v\u0117l standartin\u0117 schema su patobulinimu &#8211; impuls\u0173 i\u0161lyginimui naudojamas diodas D1 ir kondensatorius C1. Taip LED srov\u0117 bus stabilesn\u0117, su ma\u017eesniais pikais &#8211; sveikiau LEDui. O toliau b\u016brys LED\u0173, bet tai nerei\u0161kia, kad visi jie veiks, \u010dia irgi d\u0117l to, kad plok\u0161t\u0117 b\u016bt\u0173 kuo universalesn\u0117, taigi i\u0161 karto galima bus \u012fmontuoti vien\u0105 LED, bet u\u017etai neribos ka\u017ekoks vienas korpuso tipas. LED4 ir LED5 yra to paties korpuso tipo, bet skirtingo jungimo &#8211; nuoseklaus ir lygiagretaus. Ten toks LED kur vienam PLCC6 korpuse trys kristalai su atskirais i\u0161vadais, b\u016bna RGB, o b\u016bna trys vienodi LED.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O dabar apie droseliukus. Droseliukas nustato srov\u0119 ir apra\u0161yme yra duota lentel\u0117 su srov\u0119 atitinkan\u010diais induktyvumais:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4373\" width=\"270\" height=\"135\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-3.png 546w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-3-300x150.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 270px) 100vw, 270px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I\u0161 jos ai\u0161ku, kad droselio induktyvumas gali b\u016bti nuo 10 \u03bcH iki 47 \u03bcH. Taigi, turint kelis droseliukus b\u016bt\u0173 galima tur\u0117ti ir kelet\u0105 srov\u0117s ver\u010di\u0173. Bet lentel\u0117je yra 6 induktyvum\u0173 vert\u0117s, o tiek droseli\u0173 ir jungikli\u0173 tur\u0117ti ant ma\u017eos plok\u0161t\u0117s visai neturiu noro, \u010dia prasideda &#8222;in\u017einieriavimas&#8221;. O dabar truputis teorijos. Jungiant droseliui nuosekliai bendras induktyvumas did\u0117ja, o jungiant lygiagre\u010diai ma\u017e\u0117ja. Bendr\u0105 induktyvum\u0105 galima apskai\u010diuoti pagal formules:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-4.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4374\" width=\"388\" height=\"174\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-4.png 644w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-4-300x135.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 388px) 100vw, 388px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nuosekliai sujungus droselius b\u016bt\u0173 nepatogu komutuoti standartiniais DIP jungikliais, o vat sujungus juo lygiagre\u010diai, jungikliai puikiausiai atlikt\u0173 savo darb\u0105. D\u0117l to schemoje ir matomas lygiagretus droseli\u0173 jungimas. Beliko tik parinkti pa\u010dius droselius ir j\u0173 kiek\u012f, norint, kad j\u0173 b\u016bt\u0173 kuo ma\u017eiau. Prad\u017eiai, pasibrai\u017eome srov\u0117s priklausomyb\u0117s nuo induktyvumo grafik\u0105, pagal apra\u0161yme duot\u0105j\u0105 lentel\u0119:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-1-1024x774.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4493\" width=\"586\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-1-1024x774.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-1-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-1-768x580.png 768w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-1-1536x1161.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-1.png 1817w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 586px) 100vw, 586px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Grafikas n\u0117ra toks labai jau tolydus, ties 26,7 \u03bcH turime didesn\u0119 srov\u0119&#8230; Taigi, mums reikia parinkti kelet\u0105 droseliuk\u0173, kuri\u0173 lygiagretaus jungimo \u012fvairiais variantais sumin\u0117s vert\u0117s b\u016bt\u0173 pana\u0161ios \u012f \u0161it\u0105 grafik\u0105. Tam pasirenkame maksimalaus induktyvumo &#8211; 47 \u03bcH droseliuk\u0105 ir pirmasis jau parinktas. Turint du droseliukus b\u016bt\u0173 galimos tik trys j\u0173 vert\u0117s:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>47 \u03bcH<\/li><li>X \u03bcH<\/li><li>47 \u03bcH + X \u03bcH (lygiagre\u010diai)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kaip ir ma\u017eoka, nor\u0117t\u0173si daugiau galimybi\u0173 srov\u0117s nustatymui, tod\u0117l pridedame dar vien\u0105 droseliuk\u0105:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>47 \u03bcH<\/li><li>X \u03bcH<\/li><li>Y \u03bcH<\/li><li>47 \u03bcH + X \u03bcH<\/li><li>47 \u03bcH + Y \u03bcH<\/li><li>X \u03bcH + Y \u03bcH<\/li><li>47 \u03bcH + X \u03bcH + Y \u03bcH<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I\u0161 karto net septyni galimi variantai. Beliko tik nuspr\u0119sti koks tas X ir Y induktyvumas turi b\u016bti. O tas irgi n\u0117ra sud\u0117tinga &#8211; ma\u017eiausias galimas induktyvumas yra 10 \u03bcH, tod\u0117l 47 \u03bcH + X \u03bcH + Y \u03bcH \u2265 10 \u03bcH. Toliau nesud\u0117tinga formul\u0117 Excel&#8217;yje ir standartini\u0173 droseli\u0173 induktyvum\u0173 lentel\u0119, ir turime atsakym\u0105:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>47 \u03bcH<\/li><li>33 \u03bcH<\/li><li>22 \u03bcH<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">J\u0173 vis\u0173 suma lygiagre\u010diame jungime 10,31 \u03bcH, beveik idealu :). Belieka pasitikrinti, ar tarpiniai sum\u0173 variantai atitinka m\u016bs\u0173 grafik\u0105, jeigu ne &#8211; teks keisti induktyvumus. Ant jau turimo grafiko &#8222;u\u017emauname&#8221; m\u016bs\u0173 skai\u010diavimus:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-6.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4381\" width=\"175\" height=\"142\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-7.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-7-1024x765.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4382\" width=\"610\" height=\"455\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-7-1024x765.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-7-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-7-768x574.png 768w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-7-1536x1147.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-7.png 1833w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ir \u0161tai, tarpin\u0117s sumos beveik idealiai atkartoja \u017eali\u0105 grafik\u0105, tod\u0117l galima sakyti, kad droseliai parinkti teisingai, o srov\u0119 galima bus nustatyti nuo 6,5 mA iki 21,5 mA net septyniais \u017eingsniais (induktyvumas vir\u0161 22 \u03bcH nerekomenduojamas, bet&#8230; <img decoding=\"async\" draggable=\"false\" class=\"eedee-emoji\" src=\"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/12.0.0-1\/svg\/1f601.svg\" alt=\"\ud83d\ude01\"> ). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kadangi schema kaip ir ai\u0161ki, brai\u017eom plok\u0161t\u0119 ir priduodam gamybai.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-9.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4388\" width=\"312\" height=\"313\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-9.png 555w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-9-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-9-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 312px) 100vw, 312px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0160tai taip viskas tur\u0117t\u0173 atrodyti, su u\u017era\u0161ais ir korpus\u0173 pavadinimais kontaktin\u0117ms aik\u0161tel\u0117ms. PR4401 GND kontaktas dar ir su padidintu varinio takelio plotu, kad veikt\u0173 kaip papildomas au\u0161inimas (nors kiek ten jo reik\u0117s&#8230;). Ir \u0161tai jau pagamintos plok\u0161tel\u0117s:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220527_120629-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220527_120629-1024x461.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4391\" width=\"542\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220527_120629-1024x461.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220527_120629-300x135.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220527_120629-768x346.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220527_120629-1536x691.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/IMG_20220527_120629-2048x922.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 542px) 100vw, 542px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nekreipkite d\u0117mesio \u012f srov\u0117s stiprius &#8211; neteisingi, nes schema buvo skai\u010diuota kitam valdikliui. O apatin\u0117 plok\u0161tel\u0117s pus\u0117 tokia, kad teisingai kontaktuot\u0173 su \u017eibinto baterijos neigiamu ir teigiamu kontaktais &#8211; \u017eiedas skirtas minusui, centrinis blynelis pliusui. Dabar belieka surinkti ir i\u0161bandyti.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/IMG_20220601_133901-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/IMG_20220601_133901-1024x952.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4408\" width=\"345\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/IMG_20220601_133901-1024x952.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/IMG_20220601_133901-300x279.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/IMG_20220601_133901-768x714.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/IMG_20220601_133901-1536x1428.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/IMG_20220601_133901-2048x1904.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 345px) 100vw, 345px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0160tai, k\u0105 tik surinkta jau antra PCB, dar net fliuso nesp\u0117jau nuplauti. Pirmoji buvo \u0161vari ir tvarkinga, bet laivistai i\u0161 d\u017eiaugsmo j\u0105 nukos\u0117jo net nesp\u0117jus normaliai i\u0161sitestuoti :D. Tik pa\u017ei\u016br\u0117jom, kad veikia, srov\u0117 reguliuojasi, LEDas \u0161vie\u010dia. Tiesa LED kol kas \u0117miau i\u0161 liku\u010di\u0173, tai net ne\u017einau konkre\u010di\u0173 parametr\u0173. Pirmasis buvo \u0161altai baltas, \u0161itas dabar jau \u0161iltai baltas. O dabar jau galima bandyti ka\u017ek\u0105 testuoti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prad\u017eiai, vartojama srov\u0117 i\u0161 maitinimo \u0161altinio, esant skirtingiems LED srov\u0117s nustatymams:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter is-style-regular\"><table class=\"has-white-color has-text-color\"><thead><tr><th>Nustatymas<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">LED srov\u0117 (*)<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u012etampa (**)<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Mait.<br>srov\u0117<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Mait.<br>\u012ftampa<\/th><th>Galia<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Jungikliai i\u0161jungti<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0 V<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3,74 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1,5 V<\/td><td>5,61 mW<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6,5 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2,836 V<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">16,35 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1,5 V<\/td><td>24,53 mW<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">8,5 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2,967 V<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">32,6 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1,5 V<\/td><td>48,9 mW<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">11 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2,994 V<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">22,67 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1,5 V<\/td><td>34,01 mW<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2+3<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">12 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3,065 V<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">18,88 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1,5 V<\/td><td>28,32 mW<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1+3<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">13,9 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2,959 V<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">20,53 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1,5 V<\/td><td>30,80 mW<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1+2<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">16,5 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2,926 V<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">23,34 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1,5 V<\/td><td>35,01 mW<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1+2+3<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">21,5 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2,909 V<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">27,78 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1,5 V<\/td><td>41,67 mW<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>* &#8211; LED srov\u0117 teorin\u0117, matavimui nepasilikau kontakt\u0173<br>** &#8211; \u012ftampa ant kondensatoriaus C1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many\u010diau, kad matavimai su 1+3, 1+2 ir 1+2+3 yra neteisingi &#8211; matomai testeris jau nesugeba tinkamai pamatuoti tokio da\u017enio ir formos (o juk ten ne DC), nepadaro to true RMS. Vizualiai 2+3 yra ry\u0161kesnis u\u017e 2, bet 1+3 ne ry\u0161kesnis u\u017e 2+3. Gali b\u016bti, kad nesugeba sukelti srov\u0117s LEDui, nors maitinimo srov\u0117 ir padid\u0117ja, bet viskas nuva\u017eiuoja \u012f nuotolius. Reikia oscilogram\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-32-25.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" data-id=\"4436\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-32-25.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4436\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-32-25.png 800w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-32-25-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-32-25-768x461.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-32-59.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" data-id=\"4437\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-32-59.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4437\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-32-59.png 800w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-32-59-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-32-59-768x461.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-09.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" data-id=\"4439\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-09.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-09.png 800w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-09-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-09-768x461.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-28.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" data-id=\"4442\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-28.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-28.png 800w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-28-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-28-768x461.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-38.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" data-id=\"4440\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-38.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-38.png 800w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-38-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-38-768x461.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-50.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" data-id=\"4438\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-50.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4438\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-50.png 800w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-50-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-50-768x461.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-57.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" data-id=\"4441\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-57.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4441\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-57.png 800w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-57-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/14-33-57-768x461.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sp\u0117jimas neteisingas, visur beveik idealus DC ir \u012ftampos yra tokios kokios yra. Bet vis tiek \u012ftampa nepakyla vir\u0161 3,065 V (2+3) ir tuo pa\u010diu, \u017einoma, nepakyla ir srov\u0117. \u012edomu, kod\u0117l&#8230; Maitinimo \u0161altinis apsiribot\u0173 tik prie 20A, droseliuk\u0173 \u012fsisotinimas dar irgi toli (150 mA berods). Pirma pabandykime u\u017emesti dar kokio 1 \u03bcF keramin\u012f kondensatoriuk\u0105 ant \u012f\u0117jimo. Jeigu nepad\u0117s, tuomet pabandysime be diodo ir i\u0161\u0117jimo kondensatoriaus. Tuomet oscilograma nebus tokia gra\u017ei, bet \u012ftampa ir srov\u0117 impuls\u0173 pikuose tur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti \u017eymiai didesn\u0117 (gali greitai nusibaigti LEDas&#8230;). Steb\u0117tina, bet vizualiai 1 \u03bcF kondesatoriukas pad\u0117jo &#8211; prie\u0161 tai jungiant konbinacijas 1+2+3 arba 1+2 LED \u0161viet\u0117 taip pat arba net tamsiau, o dabar \u0161vie\u010dia ry\u0161kiau. Teks i\u0161 naujo visk\u0105 matuoti <img decoding=\"async\" draggable=\"false\" class=\"eedee-emoji\" src=\"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/12.0.0-1\/svg\/1f642.svg\" alt=\"\ud83d\ude42\"> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter is-style-regular\"><table class=\"has-white-color has-text-color\"><thead><tr><th>Nustatymas<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">LED srov\u0117 (*)<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u012etampa (**)<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Mait.<br>srov\u0117<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Mait.<br>\u012ftampa<\/th><th>Galia<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Jungikliai i\u0161jungti<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0 V<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3,74 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1,5 V<\/td><td>5,61 mW<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6,5 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2,830 V<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">14,89 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1,5 V<\/td><td>22,34 mW<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">8,5 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2,952 V<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">27,27 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1,5 V<\/td><td>40,91 mW<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">11 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2,976 V<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">32,32 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1,5 V<\/td><td>48,48 mW<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2+3<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">12 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3,037 V<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">41,93 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1,5 V<\/td><td>62,90 mW<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1+3<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">13,9 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3,49 V<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">45,80 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1,5 V<\/td><td>68,7 mW<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1+2<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">16,5 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3,122 V<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">60,85 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1,5 V<\/td><td>91,23 mW<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1+2+3<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">21,5 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3,179 V<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">77,32 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1,5 V<\/td><td>115,98 mW<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>* &#8211; LED srov\u0117 teorin\u0117, matavimui nepasilikau kontakt\u0173<br>** &#8211; \u012ftampa ant kondensatoriaus C1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Va, dabar jau pana\u0161iau \u012f teisyb\u0119, tiek \u012ftampa ant kondensatoriaus, tiek ir srov\u0117s bei galios tolygiai did\u0117ja, proporcingai pajungiamam induktyvumui. Kad b\u016bt\u0173 patogiau grafinis vaizdas:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-2-1024x756.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4461\" width=\"639\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-2-1024x756.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-2-300x221.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-2-768x567.png 768w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-2.png 1417w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u0117lyna LED srov\u0117 &#8211; m\u016bs\u0173 teorin\u0117 srov\u0117, oran\u017ein\u0117 linija &#8211; pamatuota maitinimo srov\u0117. \u017dalia &#8211; kondensatoriaus ir tuo pa\u010diu LED, \u012ftampa. Keistas i\u0161si\u0161okimas ties 6 punktu (3,49 V) ir suma\u017e\u0117jimas prie 7 punkto (3,122 V), bet \u010dia jau gali b\u016bti d\u0117l proces\u0173 PN sand\u016broje, pavyzd\u017eiui, degradacijos, nes srov\u0117 jau art\u0117ja prie 20 mA, kas LEDui jau gali nepatikti. O geltonasis, naudingumo koeficiento, grafikas yra pana\u0161iai toks, kokio reikia tik\u0117tis &#8211; apra\u0161ymas sako, kad naudingumo koeficientas yra 80 %. M\u016bs\u0173 atveju, bendras vis\u0173 matavim\u0173 vidurkis yra 56,89 %, be pirmojo matavimo, kurio \u0161iaip nereikt\u0173 skai\u010diuoti, nes LED i\u0161jungtas, 65,02 %, o vidurkis nenaudojant mazochistini\u0173 srovi\u0173 ir valdikliuko prievartos &#8211; 70,41 % (pozicijos 3, 2 ir 1 arba srov\u0117s 6,5 mA, 8,5 mA ir 11mA), kas visai netoli apra\u0161yme duotos vert\u0117s. Reikia nepamir\u0161ti ir galim\u0173 paklaid\u0173, matavimo \u012frangos netikslum\u0173 ir pana\u0161i\u0173 dalyk\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I\u0161vada &#8211; schem\u0105 reikia taisyti, pridedant 1 \u03bcF kondensatori\u0173 valdiklio \u012f\u0117jime, o \u0161iaip schema veikianti ir galima j\u0105 dr\u0105siai naudoti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ir paskutinis skai\u010diavimas &#8211; tai kiek gi laikys D tipo baterija prie toki\u0173 srov\u0117s vartojim\u0173:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter is-style-regular\"><table><thead><tr><th>Srov\u0117<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Nustatymas<\/th><th>Teorinis LED<br>\u0161vietimo laikas (*)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>14,89 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3<\/td><td>852 h \/ 35,5 paros<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>27,27 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2<\/td><td>465 h \/ 19,3 paros<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>32,32 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1<\/td><td>392 h \/ 16,3 paros<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>41,93 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2+3<\/td><td>302 h \/ 12,6 paros<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>45,80 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1+3<\/td><td>277 h \/ 11,5 paros<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>60,85 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1+2<\/td><td>208 h \/ 8,7 paros<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>77,32 mA<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1+2+3<\/td><td>164 h \/ 6,8 paros<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>* &#8211; naudojant straipsnyje rekomenduojam\u0105 baterij\u0105, i\u0161krovimas iki 0,8V <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2022.06.06<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tolimesni eksperimentai su visokiais diodais parod\u0117, kad PR4401 visgi n\u0117ra tokia foolproof arba \u0434\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f &#8211; su esame schema kartais nepasileisdavo. Bandymai parod\u0117, kad prie 1,5V ir 6,5 mA pasileid\u017eia visais atvejais ir su visais bandytais LED (baltais ir raudonu), su 8,5 mA ir 11 mA pasileid\u017eia tik su baltais, su auk\u0161tesn\u0117s srov\u0117m pasileido tik su \u0161altai baltu LED, su \u0161iltai baltu nebe. Spalva ir baltumo temperat\u016bra \u0161iuo atveju ne rodiklis, garantuojantis veikim\u0105 ar neveikim\u0105, bet kadangi LEDai \u0161rotiniai neturiu kaip kitaip j\u0173 identifikuoti (pavyzd\u017eiui, pagal mark\u0119). Prad\u0117jus galim\u0173 klaid\u0173 ir kitoki\u0173 neveikimo prie\u017eas\u010di\u0173 visgi pri\u0117jau i\u0161vados, kad neveikia d\u0117l:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-3-1024x217.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4471\" width=\"760\" height=\"161\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-3-1024x217.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-3-300x64.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-3-768x163.png 768w, https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-3.png 1122w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>I\u0161trauka i\u0161 apra\u0161ymo<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010cia minimas kondensatorius nuo 100 nF iki 1 \u03bcF, m\u016bs\u0173 schemoje C1 = 1 \u03bcF. Talpos suma\u017einimas iki 470 nF teigiamo rezultato raudonam LEDui nedav\u0117, PR4401 vis dar nenor\u0117jo veikti. Beje, tais atvejais, kai neveik\u0117 stipriai sukyla maitinimo \u0161altinio srov\u0117, net iki 0,2-0,3A, kas \u0161itas schemai yra gerokai per daug. Matyt ka\u017ekas u\u017esigeneruoja arba atvirk\u0161\u010diai neu\u017esigeneruoja ir lieka pastrig\u0119 ties GND&#8230; 100 nF irgi nepad\u0117jo, u\u017etai visi\u0161kai be jokio kondensatoriaus u\u017esik\u016br\u0117 ir veikia visais srov\u0117s re\u017eimais. Tod\u0117l schemos universalumui ir tinkamumui visiems LED, kondensatori\u0173 C1 pa\u0161alinam ir nebemontuojam. Diodas D1 tokiu atveju irgi tampa nereikalingas, bet m\u016bs\u0173 schemoje jis liko, sekan\u010diu gamybos etapu bandysim be jo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ir pagrindin\u0117 tikslin\u0117 i\u0161vada &#8211; net ir siurbiant maksimali\u0105 pamatuot\u0105 srov\u0119 i\u0161 baterijos 77,32 mA, ji vis tiek yra ~2,6 karto ma\u017eesn\u0117, nei valgyt\u0173 ta kaitrin\u0117 lemput\u0117 (200 mA), t. y., baterija gyvens ~2,6 karto ilgiau, plius LED \u0161viesumas nema\u017e\u0117s i\u0161sikraunant baterijai, kaip b\u016bt\u0173 su kaitrine lempute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-f12a115b-ff86-4304-b9d5-56d02e83c3ab\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/PR4401.xlsx\">Excel failiukas su skai\u010diavimais<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/PR4401.xlsx\" class=\"wp-block-file__button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-f12a115b-ff86-4304-b9d5-56d02e83c3ab\">Parsisi\u0173sti<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u012eprastai nera\u0161au apie komercinius projektus, nes&#8230; Jie komerciniai :D. Bet \u0161it\u0105 straipsniuk\u0105 nusprend\u017eiau para\u0161yti, nes projektukas s\u0105lyginai nesud\u0117tingas, bet gali b\u016bti pla\u010diai naudojamas. Ir tuo pa\u010diu d\u0117koju Sigitui u\u017e rekomendacij\u0105. Ir tai vis dar nebus reklama nes man u\u017e tai nemokama . Ok, pradedam. Taigi, ne taip seniai gavau u\u017eklausim\u0105 i\u0161 jachtinink\u0173, kuriems susinor\u0117jo patobulinti&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4342","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-elektronika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4342","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4342"}],"version-history":[{"count":89,"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4342\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4494,"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4342\/revisions\/4494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4342"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4342"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dclabs.lt\/dainiaus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4342"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}